Vehicle Tracking System

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We have registered ourselves as chief vehicle tracking system, manufacturers located in India. We are committed to deliver excellent quality products like are vehicle tracking system, automatic vehicle tracking system and school bus tracking system. Here is the description regarding vehicle tracking system is given below :-

Global Positioning System

GPS stands for Global Positioning System. GPS was developed by the US DOD to allow the military to accurately determine their precise location anywhere in the world. GPS satellites – there are 24 - orbit at 11,000 nautical miles above the Earth. They are continuously monitored by ground stations located worldwide. The satellites transmit signals that can be detected by anyone with a GPS receiver. GPS satellites circle the earth twice a day in a very precise orbit and transmit signal information to earth. GPS receivers take this information and use triangulation to calculate the user's exact location.

Using the receiver, you can determine your location with great precision GPS receivers can be hand carried or installed on aircraft, ships, tanks, submarines, cars, and trucks. These receivers detect, decode, and process GPS satellite signals. There are a couple of high quality GPS receiver manufacturers that produce reasonably priced GPS products such as Garmin GPS and Magellen GPS.

Many police, fire, and emergency medical service units use GPS receivers to determine the police car, fire truck, or ambulance nearest to an emergency. Automobile manufacturers are also offering moving-map displays guided by GPS receivers as an option on new vehicles, for use in planning a trip.

There are different types of tracking systems

1. GPS – GSM ( communication media ) based Tracking system
2. GPS- GPRS ( communication media ) based Tracking system

3. GPS- VHF/UHF ( communication media ) based Tracking system


1. GPS – GSM ( communication media ) based Tracking system

A. Transmitter Unit (Vehicle Mount)

a. GPS module - collect location based data from satellite send it to controller
b. Controller- process the data as SMS and with the desired interval send it to GSM Modem.
c. GSM modem- to send data to Control Unit GSM receiver.

B. Control Unit (at control room)

a. GSM Modem – receives the transmitted data from each of the vehicle send it to Controller.
b. Controller – process the data send it to PC
c. Display System -PC – data will be displayed on digital digital MAP and generates data based (Reports of all Vehicles).

Data rate- serially one by one
Range – all India
Digital MAP – It is an expensive part.
Limitations – 1 Receiver for 30 vehicles for receiving signal @ of 4 min.

If the interval is more more vehicles can be accommodated Recurring cost – purchase SIM card from GSM service provider with the scheme ( Rs.150/- per vehicle per month 2000 SMS free)
Service provider- Only one (risk in very less)

2. GPS- GPRS ( communication media ) based Tracking system

A. Transmitter Unit (Vehicle Mount)

d. GPS module - collect location based data from satellite send it to controller
e. Controller- process the data and with the desired interval send it to GSM Modem.
f. GSM modem- send data to GSM service provider’s IP address

B. Control Unit (at control room)

Control Unit is nothing but Internet access requires
Broad Band connection
Display data on digital MAP – Internet MAP or Google MAP – Paid service

Data Rate- Thousands at a time
Range – all India
Digital MAP – Paid service is available.
Limitations – 1 Receiver for 1000 vehicles
Recurring cost – purchase GPRS activated SIM card from GSM service provider with the National roaming scheme
( Rs.750/- per vehicle per month includes National GPRS and Web
based MAP,Reports)

Service Provider- Two
First- GSM service provider
Second- Internet Service provider
(Risk is more)

Note - Check GPRS connectivity and reliability.
3. GPS- VHF/UHF ( communication media ) based Tracking system

A. Transmitter Unit (Vehicle Mount)

g. GPS module - collect location based data from satellite send it to controller
h. Controller- process the data and with the desired interval send it to RF Modem.
i. RF Modem – modulate the data and send it to VHF/UHF set.
i. VHF/UHF set – Transmit data to control room.

B. Control Unit (at control room)

d. VHF/UHF set – receives the transmitted data from each of the vehicle send it to Controller.
e. Controller – process the data send it to RF Modem
f. RF Modem – demodulate the data and send it to PC
g. Display System -PC – data will be displayed on digital digital MAP and generates data based (Reports of all Vehicles).

Data Rate – Serially one by one
Range – 25 Km. City Range
Digital MAP – It is an expensive part.
Limitations – 1 Receiver for 30 vehicles for receiving signal @ of 4 min.
If the interval is more more vehicles can be accommodated
Recurring cost – Nil . Procure Wireless Lic. From WPC.
Service provider – It is your own network. No service provider.

Selection of

GPS Module -

1. While traveling wireless or satellite signals gets degraded.
2. Algorithm of the module is very good to achieve accuracy and Relability.
3. There are some other tests like vibration, temterature,EMI/EMC etc.
4. Antenna – high gain.

GSM Modem -

1. While traveling wireless signals gets degraded.
2. GSM antenna should be high gain.
3. All Telecom test certificates.
4. There are some other tests like vibration, temterature,EMI/EMC etc

MAP should also be accurate and reliable.
Display and Data base software

Benefits

- Location information system
- Listen in remotely
- Real time tracking using SMS and GPRS
- Send panic message and location

Nowadays GSM Technology has got maximum National Network and Data Transmission is also possible through SMS. Through our trials and vast experience in the field of Data Transmission via SMS, it is a reliable communication in case of emergency. And SMS is a matured technology compared to other technology.

Navigation

Definition - “ The process of planning, recording and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another.”

Navigation is a Latin word
- Navis means ship
- Agere means to act

Applications of Navigation

Generally there are four types of ‘conventional’ navigation applications :-

Land Navigation

Marine Navigation

Aeronautical Navigation

Space Navigation

GPS is short form of Global Positioning System which is "a network of satellites that continuously transmit coded information, which makes it possible to precisely identify locations of receiver which is on the earth by measuring distance from the satellites".
Of course, many users also refer to their hand-held GPS receivers as "my GPS" ... as in the statement "my GPS
Batteries went dead and I got lost!"

GIS Definitions

GIS is short form of Geographic Information System(s). "In the strictest sense, a GIS is a computer system capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information, i.e. data identified according to their locations. Practitioners also regard the total GIS as including operating personnel and the data that goes into the system"

Communication Channel

GPS signals are currently broadcast on two frequencies

L1 = 1575 MHz
L2 = 1227 MHz

Message bit 50bps

Easily Penetrate Ionosphere layer

GPS provides two levels of services

Precise positioning Service (PPS)
Authorized users (US military services)
P code
Accuracy : 20 m Horizontal
: 30 m Vertical
: 100 ns (time)

Standard positioning service (SPS)
All GPS Users (Civil Service)
Uses C/A code
Accuracy : 22 m Horizontal
: 33 m Vertical
: 200 ns (time)

Error sources

Clock(space segment) : 3.0 meters
Ephemeris(control seg) : 2.7 meters
Ionospheric Delay (Atm) : 8.2 meters
Tropospheric Delay (Atm) : 1.8 meters
Selective Availability : 27.4 meters
Receiver Noise : 9.1 meters
Multipath : 3.0 meters
Navigational Accuracy at HDOP = 1.5 45 .8 meters

Clock synchronization Error

Pseudo Range = (delta) t * Velocity of light
= Time diff * Velocity of light
= 1ns * 3*10e+8 m/s
= 1*10e-9* 3*10e+8 mtrs
= 0.3 meter

Error introduced due to clock synchronization between Satellite clock and receiver clock

Accuracy

Standard civilian receivers (selective availability off)

Horizontal Accuracy to 15 Meters (49.2’) or Better

Vertical Accuracy (altitude) to 100 Meters (328’)

Some GPS Applications


Commerce & Government

Military

Maritime

Automotive

Surveying

Aviation

Forestry

Environmental

Public safety Etc.

Recreational

Hiking

Hunting

Nature study

Fishing

Boating

Biking

Skiing

Snowmobiling

Geocaching

Golf Etc.

Map Datums

WGS84 : World Geodetic System 1984 Default datum on GPS receivers. Most accurate datum, but not yet in wide use on maps.
NAD27 (NAD27CONUS) North American 1927 Older datum used on most USGS topographic maps. (We will be using this datum for the workshop)
NAD83 North Amerian Datum 1983 Very similar to WGS84. Used on newer USGS maps.
and hundreds of others!

Power Supply Design

Requirement of Voltage and Current rating of Devices :

Device Microcontroller : GSM GPS

Nominal Voltage : 3.8V 3.0V 3.0V

Nominal Current : 350 mA@tx 60 mA 10 mA (CPU active)

+Depending on I/O pin

GSM module in detail power requirement rating :

Max Current : 2A@worst network

Average current during power saving 4 mA

Average current during Idle mode 17 mA

Circuit Design Consideration

Protection Diode should be inserted close to the power input to avoid power polarity inversion.

Protection Diode should be inserted close to the power input to have spike protection.

To ensure good thermal condition and avoid overheating Simple ground plane where power supply chip is placed.

Satellites

There are 24 satellites that continuously orbit the Earth at an altitude of 11,000 miles

Radio signals are sent from the satellites and are picked up by the GPS receivers.

GPS receivers must lock on to at least 3 satellite radio signals to properly navigate.

GPS – Global Positioning System

What is it?

GPS consists of satellites which continuously orbit the Earth.

There is a network of ground stations used for monitoring and control of the satellites.

GPS provides users with accurate information on position, velocity, and time anywhere in the world.

The Latitude/Longitude Grid

The Lat/Long grid consists of the same elements. The axis are the Equator running in an east/west circle around the globe, and the Prime Meridian which is a line running north and south through Greenwich England.

Accuracy

The accuracy of the receivers is dependent on the number and quality of the signals from the satellites.

Many factors can affect the accuracy of a GPS unit. These factors include proximity to buildings, canyons and trees. Even haze can prevent you from getting a good satellite signal.

Accuracy can be off by as much as 300 ft.

Conclusion

As dedicated to the same system.

There is possibility of no GSM network conditions. Since the whole system will not work where GSM network is not available. VHF network is the answer.

Security of the data in hands of private service provider.

No internet connectivity is required.

Next step of VTS

We have also developed the system on GPRS based – (Vehicle Tracking System) as low cost, wide area, but lower performing cost effective system for them who don’t need second to second information about the vehicle.